GoodSkirt

Rifleman

2005-03-30T22:36:00.000-08:00

A New Zealand wren of the family Xenicidae (q.v.).

Davies, Marion

2005-03-30T03:52:00.000-08:00

Marion's father, Bernard J. Douras, was a lawyer who would serve as New York City magistrate from 1918 to 1930. Her three older sisters—Reine, Ethel, and Rose—also became actors, and, like Reine, Marion used

Sogn Og Fjordane

2005-03-28T21:04:00.000-08:00

Fylke (county), western Norway, bordering the North Sea. Its inland extension includes the Jostedals Glacier and part of the Jotunheim Mountains. In the northern part of the fylke is Nord Fjord, which penetrates 55 miles (90 km) inland, and in the south is Norway's longest fjord, Sogn Fjord (q.v.). Centrally located on the northern bank of Sogn Fjord is the village of Leikanger, administrative

Tephroite

2005-03-27T20:34:00.000-08:00

Olivine mineral found only in iron-manganese ore deposits and skarns and in metamorphosed manganese-rich sediments, such as those of Cornwall, Eng., and Franklin, N.J., in the United States. Tephroite (manganese silicate; Mn2SiO4) forms a solid solution series with the olivine fayalite in which iron completely replaces manganese in the molecular structure. Minerals intermediate

Equestrian Sports

2005-03-26T23:11:00.000-08:00

In April 1997 Memo Gracida, the new leader of Isla Carroll, won his sixth consecutive and a record 15th career U.S. Open by defeating White Birch in the final at the Palm Beach (Fla.) Polo Club. Isla Carroll also gained the World Cup and the Gold Cup of the Americas, and White Birch won its eighth USPA Gold Cup. Grant's Farm Manor and Peapacton obtained the Sterling and Challenge cups,

Amphibole, Contact metamorphic rocks

2005-03-25T01:26:00.000-08:00

Amphiboles occur in contact metamorphic aureoles around igneous intrusions. (An aureole is the zone surrounding an intrusion, which is a mass of igneous rock that solidified between other rocks located within the Earth.) The contact aureoles produced in siliceous limestones and dolomites, called skarns or calc-silicate rocks, characteristically contain metamorphic

Requests, Court Of

2005-03-24T15:56:00.000-08:00

Called the Court of Poor Men's Causes until 1529, it was a popular court because of the limited expense of bringing suit before it. Modeled after the French Chambre

France, History Of, The Dreyfus affair

2005-03-23T02:25:00.000-08:00

The 1890s also saw the Third Republic's greatest political and moral crisis—the Dreyfus affair. In 1894 Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a career army officer of Jewish origin, was charged with selling military secrets to the Germans. He was tried and convicted by a court-martial and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island off the South American coast. Efforts by the Dreyfus

Agoracritus

2005-03-22T13:18:00.000-08:00

Greek sculptor said to have been the favourite pupil of Phidias. His most renowned work is the statue of Nemesis at Rhamnous, Greece, part of the head of which is in the British Museum, while fragments of the pedestal reliefs are in Athens.

Gable

2005-03-22T08:33:00.000-08:00

The architectural treatment of a gable results from the effort to find an aesthetically pleasing solution to the problem of keeping water out of the intersection of walls and roof. This is accomplished either by

Tanzania, Settlement patterns

2005-03-22T01:12:00.000-08:00

The two most important factors influencing the regional pattern of human settlement are rainfall and the incidence of tsetse fly. The tsetse, which thrives on wild game in miombo woodlands, is the carrier of Trypanosoma, a blood parasite that causes sleeping sickness in cattle and people. Tsetse infestation makes human settlement hazardous in areas of moderate

Hippie

2005-03-20T07:14:00.000-08:00

Also spelled hippy member, during the 1960s and 1970s, of a countercultural movement that rejected the mores of mainstream American life. The movement originated on U.S. college campuses, although it spread to other countries, including Canada and Britain. The name derived from “hip,” a term applied to the Beats of the 1950s, such as Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, who were generally considered to be the

Brianchon, Charles-julien

2005-03-19T14:33:00.000-08:00

In 1804 Brianchon entered the École Polytechnique in Paris, where

China, Political history

2005-03-19T05:20:00.000-08:00

Ineptitude on the throne, bureaucratic factionalism at court, rivalries among Mongol generals, and ineffective supervision and coordination of provincial and local administration had gravely weakened the Yüan government by the 1340s. And in 1351 disastrous flooding of the Huang and Huai river basins aroused hundreds of thousands of long-oppressed Chinese peasants

Gates Of Paradise

2005-03-18T21:08:00.000-08:00

Italian Porta Del Paradiso, the pair of gilded bronze doors (1425–52) designed by the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti for the east entrance of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence. Each wing of the Gates of Paradise contains five rectangular reliefs of scenes from the Old Testament between figurated borders containing statuettes in niches and medallions with busts. The entire surface of the doors

Ortega, Daniel

2005-03-17T17:39:00.000-08:00

Son of a veteran of the peasant army of César Augusto Sandino, Ortega moved with his family to Managua in the mid-1950s. He briefly attended the Central American University in Managua, then in 1963 he went

China, The Ch'ing period

2005-03-16T19:45:00.000-08:00

(Revolutionary movements at the end of the Ch'ing): Michael Gasster, Chinese Intellectuals and the Revolution of 1911: The Birth of Modern Chinese Radicalism (1969); Robert A. Scalapino and George T. Yu, The Chinese Anarchist Movement (1961, reprinted 1980); Harold Z. Schiffrin, Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution (1968); John H. Fincher, Chinese Democracy, the Self-Government Movement in Local, Provincial, and National Politics, 1905–1914 (1981); Mary B. Rankin, Early Chinese Revolutionaries: Radical Intellectuals in Shanghai and Chekiang, 1902–1911 (1971); Edward J.M. Rhoads, China's Republican Revolution: The Case of Kwangtung, 1895–1913 (1975); Joseph W. Esherick, Reform and Revolution in China: The 1911 Revolution in Hunan and Hubei (1976); and Edmund S.K. Fung, The Military Dimension of the Chinese Revolution: The New Army and Its Role in the Revolution of 1911 (1980).

Mckean

2005-03-16T14:13:00.000-08:00

The county was formed in

Qalamkari Textile

2005-03-16T13:20:00.000-08:00

The textile designs reflect the Persianized tastes of the wealthy ruling class and also

Devaraja

2005-03-16T02:15:00.000-08:00

The devaraja cult grew out of both Hindu and indigenous traditions. It taught that the king was a divine universal ruler, a manifestation

Ahmad

2005-03-15T03:05:00.000-08:00

Succeeding his brother as the ruler of Tunis in 1837, Ahmad began at once to modernize his armed forces: Tunisian cadets were sent to France, a military and technical academy was established, and European instructors invited to Tunis. He organized a naval force with 12 frigates purchased from France. He sent

Tibet, Climate

2005-03-14T20:39:00.000-08:00

Although Tibetans refer to their country as Gangs-ljongs or Kha-ba-can (“Land of Snows”), the climate is generally dry, and most of Tibet receives only 18 inches (460 millimetres) of rain and snow annually. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the monsoon (rain-bearing) winds from the south, and precipitation decreases from south to north. The perpetual snow line lies at about 16,000 feet in

Bahrain

2005-03-14T19:32:00.000-08:00

Officially State of Bahrain, Arabic Dawlat Al-Bahrayn small Arab state in the Persian Gulf. It is an archipelago consisting of Bahrain Island—extending about 30 miles (50 km) from north to south and 10 miles (16 km) from east to west—and some 30 smaller islands. Its Arabic name means “two seas.” Bahrain is situated in a bay on the southwestern coast of the Persian Gulf; Saudi Arabia lies to the west across the Gulf of Bahrain, while the Qatar peninsula

United States, Prelude to revolution

2005-03-14T16:27:00.000-08:00

The prolonged wars had also revealed the need to tighten the administration of the loosely run and widely scattered elements of the British Empire. If the course of the war had confirmed the necessity, the end of the war presented the opportunity. The acquisition of Canada required London officials to take responsibility for the unsettled western territories, now freed from the threat of French occupation. The British soon moved to take charge of the whole field of Indian relations. By royal proclamation (1763) a line was drawn down the Appalachians marking the limit of settlement from the British colonies, beyond which Indian trade was to be conducted strictly through British-appointed commissioners. These steps were not in time to prevent a serious uprising under the Ottawa chief Pontiac, however; and the proclamation, which sprang in part from a respect for Indian rights, caused consternation among British colonists for two reasons. It meant that limits were being set to the prospects of settlement and speculation in western lands, and it took control of the west out of colonial hands. The most ambitious men in the colonies thus saw the proclamation as a loss of power to control their own fortunes.

Talion

2005-03-13T16:54:00.000-08:00

In ancient Palestine, injury and bodily mutilation, as well as theft, were considered

Futurology

2005-03-12T15:31:00.000-08:00

In the social sciences, the study of current trends in order to forecast future developments. While the speculative and descriptive aspects of futurology are traceable to the traditions of utopian literature and science fiction, the methodology of the field originated in the “technological forecasting” developed near the end of World War II, of which Toward New

Theatrical Production, The modern repertory company

2005-03-12T09:15:00.000-08:00

During the rise of the stock company and single-show system, there continued to exist highly refined examples of the repertory ensemble. The Comédie Française, originally an amalgamation of two Parisian troupes, has existed since 1680. In opera the repertory system remains fundamentally unchanged. Toward the end of the 19th century, however, a widespread transformation

Epistemology, The nature of knowledge

2005-03-11T07:37:00.000-08:00

As indicated above, one of the basic questions of epistemology concerns the nature of knowledge. Philosophers normally interpret this query as a conceptual question, i.e., as an issue about a certain conception or idea or notion called knowledge. The question raises a perplexing methodological issue, namely, how does one go about investigating such conceptual questions?

Tadjoura, Gulf Of

2005-03-10T10:40:00.000-08:00

French Golfe De Tadjoura, gulf indenting the coastline of Djibouti, eastern Africa, located at the extreme western end of the Gulf of Aden. It provides some shelter for the port of Djibouti on the southeastern shore of the gulf. The gulf is 35 miles (56 km) wide at the mouth and 50 miles long, with a depth of as much as 3,550 feet (1,082 m) near the centre. It is about 164 feet deep off the coast of Djibouti. The coastline is rather

Futurology

2005-03-10T05:35:00.000-08:00

ALS affects the motor neurons—i.e., those neurons that control muscular movements.

Agunah

2005-03-09T03:28:00.000-08:00

Hebrew 'aguna (“deserted woman”) , plural agunahs, 'agunot , or agunoth in Orthodox and Conservative Judaism, a woman who is presumed to be widowed but who cannot remarry because evidence of her husband's death does not satisfy legal requirements. The plight of the agunah has generated voluminous and complex treatment in Halakhic literature. Although religious courts are not empowered to grant remarriage without indisputable

Pyramid Texts

2005-03-08T05:35:00.000-08:00

Collection of Egyptian mortuary prayers, hymns, and spells intended to protect a dead king or queen and ensure life and sustenance in the hereafter. The texts, inscribed on the walls of the inner chambers of the pyramids, are found at Saqqarah in several 5th- and 6th-dynasty pyramids, of which that of Unas, last king of the 5th dynasty, is the earliest known. The texts constitute

Nora

2005-03-08T04:13:00.000-08:00

Ancient site about 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Cagliari (Caralis) on the island of Sardinia. Although tradition ascribes its foundation to Iberians from Tartessus, the site, which lies on a triangular promontory ending in a steep cliff, is characteristically Phoenician. Apart from remains of a Sardinian nuraghe, or towerlike monument, the earliest antiquities discovered

Vajpayee, Atal Bihari

2005-03-08T03:42:00.000-08:00

Vajpayee was first elected to Parliament in 1957 as a member of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), a forerunner of the BJP. In 1977 the BJS joined three other parties to form the Janata Party, which led a government that lasted until July 1979. As foreign minister

Avranches

2005-03-07T04:18:00.000-08:00

In 1172 the excommunicated Henry II of England received absolution in Avranches for the

Stone Age, Ax factories and flint mines

2005-03-06T22:50:00.000-08:00

Celts, or axes, were manufactured in factories where specially suitable rock outcrops occurred, and they were traded over great distances. Products of the factories at Graig Lwyd, Penmaenmawr, North Wales, were transported to Wiltshire and Anglesey, those of Tievebulliagh on the Antrim coast to Limerick, Kent, Aberdeen, and the Hebrides. Similarly, large nodules of

Eagles, The, Don Henley

2005-03-06T17:42:00.000-08:00

Tachometer

2005-03-06T02:34:00.000-08:00

Mechanical

Elizabeth Of Portugal, Saint

2005-03-05T02:35:00.000-08:00

She was named for her great-aunt St. Elizabeth of Hungary and received a strict and pious education. In 1282 she was married to Dinis, a good ruler but an unfaithful husband. Despite the corrupt court life, Elizabeth maintained her devout habits, helped the sick

Tsong-kha-pa

2005-03-04T22:44:00.000-08:00

Tibetan lama who founded a new Tibetan Buddhist sect known as the Dge-lugs-pa (q.v.), literally “Model of Virtue” but more commonly referred to as the Yellow Hat sect to distinguish it from the older Red Hat sect. Hoping to restore monastic discipline, Tsong-kha-pa enforced celibacy, required the wearing of yellow robes, and insisted on adherence to a rigorous routine. The

Aging

2005-03-04T14:26:00.000-08:00

Aging has many facets. Hence there are a number of theories, each of which many explain one or more aspects of aging; there is, however, no single theory that explains all of the phenomena of aging.

Jiang Zemin

2005-03-04T06:10:00.000-08:00

Jiang joined the CCP in 1946 and graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University the following year with a degree in electrical engineering. He worked in several factories as an engineer before receiving further technical training

France, History Of, Social classes

2005-03-03T08:42:00.000-08:00

The collapse of Roman imperial power and the influx of Germans did not destroy the old Roman senatorial and landed aristocracy; the 6th-century kings called on its members to serve in the administration. A sort of military aristocracy had existed among the Germans: at the time of their settlement within the empire, its members were given tax revenues and lands confiscated

Lake, Simon

2005-03-02T20:15:00.000-08:00

Lake's first experimental submarine, the “Argonaut, Jr.,” built in 1894, had a wooden hull and was about 14 feet (4 metres) long. It travelled the sea bottom on wheels turned by hand. The “Argonaut,” built in 1897, was 36 feet (11 metres) long and was powered by

Carnivore, Importance to humans

2005-03-02T08:27:00.000-08:00

The seal is of significant importance to the survival of the Eskimos and other inhabitants of the north, who use almost every part of the animal: the meat is eaten; bones used for implements; tendons for sewing; hides for leather to make footwear, boats, shelters, bags, clothing, and ornaments; and the oil and fat for fuel, lubrication, and tanning. The ivory tusks of the walrus

Ibisbill

2005-03-02T08:21:00.000-08:00

(Ibidorhyncha struthersii), Asian bird named for its long, red, down-curved bill (similar to that of an ibis), which it uses to probe for food under stones along streams and ponds. Rather heavyset birds about 40 centimetres (16 inches) long, ibisbills have shorter legs than their familial relatives the avocets and stilts (family Recurvirostridae,

Binnya Dala

2005-03-02T03:45:00.000-08:00

In 1747 Binnya Dala succeeded Smim Htaw Buddhaketi, who had seven years earlier been set up as king of the Mon in the new capital of Pegu after their successful revolt against the Burmans. Binnya Dala, who was his predecessor's chief minister

Wiesel, Elie

2005-02-28T21:54:00.000-08:00

Wiesel's early life, spent in a small Hasidic community in the town of Sighet, was a rather hermetic existence of prayer and contemplation. In 1940 Sighet was annexed

Zunzunegui, Juan Antonio De

2005-02-28T08:56:00.000-08:00

In full Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui y Loredo Spanish novelist and short-story writer whose straightforward narrative technique was rooted in the 19th century. His subject was chiefly social criticism of modern life in Bilbao and Madrid. A member of the Spanish Academy from 1957, Zunzunegui received the National Prize for Literature for El premio (1961; “The Prize”), which, ironically, was

Roman Religion, Religious art

2005-02-27T18:37:00.000-08:00

A vast gallery of architecture, sculpture, numismatics, painting, and mosaics illustrates Roman religion and helps to fill the gaps left by the fragmentary, though extensive, literary and epigraphic record. Starting with primitive statuettes and terra-cotta temple decorations, this array eventually included masterpieces such as the Apollo of Veii. Other works

Auslander, Joseph

2005-02-27T11:56:00.000-08:00

Auslander's

Performing Arts, Classical Music.

2005-02-27T09:34:00.000-08:00

At 8:46 AM local time on Sept. 11, 2002, 51 snowbound scientists at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station

Saiga

2005-02-26T14:54:00.000-08:00

The most

Roman-dutch Law

2005-02-26T05:29:00.000-08:00

The system of law produced by the fusion of early modern Dutch law, chiefly of Germanic origin, and Roman, or civil, law. It existed in the Netherlands province of Holland from the 15th to the early 19th century and was carried by Dutch colonists to the Cape of Good Hope, where it became the foundation of modern South African law. It also influenced the legal systems of other

Biblical Literature, Commutation of vows and tithes

2005-02-25T18:49:00.000-08:00

In the final chapter of Leviticus (27), the P material is resumed with a presentation of the rules for the commutation of votive gifts and tithes. It provides for the release from vows (of offerings of persons, animals, or lands to God) through specified money payments. Some commentators understand the vow to offer persons to refer originally to human sacrifice, others as

Bytom

2005-02-24T04:05:00.000-08:00

German Beuthen, city, Katowice województwo (province), southwestern Poland. It is one of the oldest and largest industrial cities in the Upper Silesia coal region. Bytom's origins were in the 11th century under the rule of King Boleslaw I the Brave. In the 12th century, lead and silver mines provided its earliest economic base. The town was held by Silesia in the 12th century, and for several centuries

Stradivari, Antonio

2005-02-23T06:17:00.000-08:00

Stradivari was still a pupil of Nicolò Amati in 1666 when he began to place his own label on violins of his making. These at first followed the smaller of Amati's models, solidly constructed, with a thick yellow varnish. In 1684 Stradivari began to

Reflex

2005-02-23T03:34:00.000-08:00

Many reflexes of placental mammals appear to be innate. They are hereditary and are a common feature of the species and often of the genus. Reflexes include not only such simple

Chorale Prelude

2005-02-22T16:39:00.000-08:00

Musical genre most closely associated with organ music for Protestant churches and epitomized by the numerous examples composed by J.S. Bach, who built upon a 17th-century tradition identified with the work of Dietrich Buxtehude and Johann Pachelbel, among others. Reflecting the long-standing convention of improvised introductions to Lutheran chorales or hymn

Nardini, Pietro

2005-02-22T15:39:00.000-08:00

The most famous pupil of the composer and virtuoso violinist Giuseppe Tartini, Nardini was solo violinist at the court at Stuttgart from 1753 to 1767. He then returned to Livorno and lived with Tartini during Tartini's last illness until his death

Salé

2005-02-22T07:37:00.000-08:00

Arabic Sla, old walled city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. It lies at the mouth of the Wadi Bou Regreg, opposite Rabat. Founded in the 10th century, it reached its zenith as a medieval merchant port and entrepôt. After 1627 Salé—with Rabat as its vassal—became the corsair republic of Bou Regreg and the base for the notorious Sallee Corsairs, the most dreaded of the Barbary pirates; because

Kumarajiva

2005-02-20T22:57:00.000-08:00

Before his ordination at the

Burgess, Anthony

2005-02-20T16:04:00.000-08:00

Trained in English literature and phonetics, Burgess taught in the extramural department of Birmingham University (1946–50), worked for the Ministry of Education (1948–50), and was English master at Banbury

Biblical Literature, The Ketuvim

2005-02-19T08:52:00.000-08:00

That the formation of the Ketuvim as a corpus was not completed until a very late date is evidenced by the absence of a fixed name, or indeed any real name, for the third division of Scripture. Ben Sira refers to “the other books of our fathers,” “the rest of the books”; Philo speaks simply of “other writings” and Josephus of “the remaining books.” A widespread practice of entitling

Tasmania, Agriculture, forestry, and fishing

2005-02-19T02:22:00.000-08:00

Less than a third of Tasmania's area is agricultural land; almost all of it is used for grazing; just under half is sown pasture, and the rest is used for rough grazing or is open forest. Crops occupy only 4 percent of agricultural land but contribute one-third of the total value of agricultural production. Seasonal irrigation, mainly spray for crops and some pasture, is

Water Rail

2005-02-18T17:23:00.000-08:00

(Rallus aquaticus), slender marsh bird of the family Rallidae (order Gruiformes), native to most of Europe and Asia. Its length is about 28 cm (11 inches), and it has a moderately long beak. The sides of the bird have black and white bands. The name water rail also is used as a general term for the larger group, or tribe, to which R. aquaticus belongs. Rallus aquaticus can be distinguished

Orange

2005-02-18T07:59:00.000-08:00

In the early 1800s the discovery of mineral springs in what is now West Orange

Ria

2005-02-18T04:27:00.000-08:00

Funnel-shaped estuary that occurs at a river mouth and is formed by the submergence of the lower portion of the river valley. Generally occurring along a rugged coast perpendicular to a mountain chain, many rias were formed by the rise in sea level after the melting of the vast continental glaciers. Rias are commonly very irregular and may have several branching

Motion-picture Technology, Wide-screen and stereoscopic pictures

2005-02-17T00:50:00.000-08:00

Until the early 1950s, the screen shape, or aspect ratio (expressed as the ratio of frame width to frame height), was generally 1.33 to 1, or 4 to 3. In the mid-1950s the ratio became standardized at 1.85 to 1 in the United States and 1.66 or 1.75 to 1 in Europe. These slightly wider images were accomplished by using the same film but smaller aperture plates in the projector and by using shorter-focal-length

Daddi, Bernardo

2005-02-16T08:39:00.000-08:00

Early Italian Renaissance painter who was a pupil of Giotto and was influenced by Lorenzetti. Daddi's efforts to fuse the plastic qualities of Giotto's art with some aspects of Sienese art came to represent the dominant style of painting directly after Giotto. Daddi's work, from the period 1328–48, ranges from Madonna images in large church altarpieces

Flamininus, Titus Quinctius

2005-02-16T03:02:00.000-08:00

Flamininus was a military tribune during the Second Punic War (218–201) and had a distinguished military career. Elected quaestor in 205, he exercised the authority (imperium) of a praetor at Tarentum in southern Italy, and he twice (202, 200) was involved in the distribution of lands to victorious troops. These veterans

Norwegian Language

2005-02-15T23:06:00.000-08:00

Norwegian Norsk, North Germanic language of the West Scandinavian branch, existing in two distinct and rival norms—Dano-Norwegian (Bokmål, or Riksmål) and New Norwegian (Nynorsk). Dano-Norwegian stems from the written Danish introduced during the union of Denmark and Norway (1380–1814). New Norwegian was created by the language scholar Ivar Aasen during the mid-19th century, primarily from the

Alden, Isabella Macdonald

2005-02-15T02:42:00.000-08:00

Isabella Macdonald was educated at home and at Oneida Seminary, Seneca Collegiate Institute at Ovid, and the Young Ladies

Fisher, Alan (wainwright)

2005-02-14T19:15:00.000-08:00

Fisher left secondary school in 1939 to join the local office of NUPE as a junior clerk, later

China, The development of the Republic (191220)

2005-02-14T08:44:00.000-08:00

The first half of the 20th century saw the gradual disintegration of the old order in China and the turbulent preparation for a new society. Foreign political philosophies undermined the traditional governmental system, nationalism became the strongest activating force, and civil wars and Japanese invasion tore the vast country and retarded its modernization.

Suffren De Saint-tropez, Pierre André De

2005-02-13T08:43:00.000-08:00

A Knight of Malta, Suffren de Saint-Tropez served under Admiral C.H. d'Estaing in America and was sent to assist French military operations in India in 1781. In a remarkable series of engagements with British Admiral

Windsor, Marie

2005-02-12T11:31:00.000-08:00

American actress (b. Dec. 11, 1919, Marysvale, Utah—d. Dec. 10, 2000, Beverly Hills, Calif.), portrayed strong but often unsavoury women in most of her more than 70 films and was known as the “queen of the B's”—a title she wore proudly—because of the many B films, including Cat Women of the Moon (1954) and Swamp Women (1955), in which she appeared. She was, however, best remembered for her first film as star, The Narrow

China, Struggle for the premiership

2005-02-12T03:50:00.000-08:00

As these programmatic aspects of the Cultural Revolution were being put into place and regularized, the political battle to determine who would inherit power at the top continued and intensified. Tensions first surfaced at a meeting of the Central Committee in the summer of 1970, when Chen Boda, Lin Biao, and their supporters made a series of remarks that angered Mao

Calabar

2005-02-12T01:21:00.000-08:00

Formerly Old Calabar town and port, capital of Cross River State, southeastern Nigeria. It lies along the Calabar River, 5 miles (8 km) upstream from that river's entrance into the Cross River estuary. Settled in the early 17th century by the Efik branch of the Ibibio people, the town became a centre for trade between white traders on the coast and natives farther inland. Fish, cassava, bananas, palm

Jacksonville

2005-02-11T01:46:00.000-08:00

City, Pulaski county, central Arkansas, U.S., 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Little Rock. The locality was settled before the American Civil War but did not develop until the 1860s, when a local resident, Nicholas Jackson, offered land for a Cairo and Fulton (now Union Pacific) Railroad depot. The town, named for him in 1870, became a distribution point for farm produce. The economy diversified

Morris, Clara

2005-02-10T23:12:00.000-08:00

Morris was the eldest child of a bigamous marriage. When she was three her father was exposed, and her mother fled with her to Cleveland, Ohio, where they adopted her grandmother's name, Morrison. Clara received only

Canada, The War of 1812

2005-02-10T21:13:00.000-08:00

The War of 1812 was to a large degree caused by the Anglo-U.S. rivalry in the fur trade. British traders and soldiers had supplied Indian tribes and afforded them moral support in their contest with the advancing U.S. frontier. Britain had surrendered the western posts by the Jay Treaty of 1794, but the cause of the Canadian fur trade and of the Indians remained the same—the preservation

Palate

2005-02-10T16:11:00.000-08:00

The hard palate, which composes two-thirds of the total palate area, is a plate of bone covered by a moist,

Vendée, Wars Of The

2005-02-09T17:06:00.000-08:00

(1793–96), counterrevolutionary insurrections in the west of France during the French Revolution. The first and most important occurred in 1793 in the area known as the Vendée, which included large sections of the départements of Loire-Inférieure (Loire-Atlantique), Maine-et-Loire, Deux-Sèvres, and the Vendée proper. In this fervently religious and economically backward region,

Li Tang

2005-02-09T14:02:00.000-08:00

He earned the highest rank in the academy of painting of Emperor Huizong, and, after the North fell to the Mongols, went to the South

France, History Of, The conquests

2005-02-08T09:22:00.000-08:00

Charlemagne consolidated his authority up to the geographic limits of Gaul. Though he put down a new insurrection in Aquitaine (769), he was unable to bring the

Melas Carpet

2005-02-08T02:33:00.000-08:00

Floor covering handwoven in the neighbourhood of Milâs (Melas) on the Aegean coast of southwestern Turkey. Normally of small size and 19th century in date, Melas carpets have unusually wide borders in relation to their narrow fields. In the prayer rugs the arch (which indicates the direction of Mecca, the Holy City) is straight-sided, with a triangular indentation below

Rábida Island

2005-02-07T10:27:00.000-08:00

Also called Jervis Island, one of the Galápagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 600 miles (965 km) west of Ecuador. The island has an area of about 1 square mile (3 square km) and is studded with several small volcanic craters. Originally named for the 18th-century British admiral John Jervis, Earl of St. Vincent, the island's official Ecuadorian name is Isla Rábida. Rábida has a lagoon and a flamingo

Bay Bridge

2005-02-07T00:13:00.000-08:00

In full San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge complex crossing that spans San Francisco Bay from the city of San Francisco to Oakland via Yerba Buena Island. One of the preeminent engineering feats of the 20th century, it was built during the 1930s under the direction of C.H. Purcell. The double-deck crossing extends 8 miles (13 km) and consists of two end-to-end suspension bridges of 2,310-foot (704-metre) main spans and 1,160-foot (354-metre) side

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint, Biblical commentaries

2005-02-06T00:35:00.000-08:00

Expositio in Evangelium S. Matthaei (1269–72); Expositio in Job ad litteram (1261–64); Expositio in Evangelium Joannis (1269–72); Exposition in S. Pauli Apostoli epistolas (undated; incomplete); In psalmos Davidis expositio (1272–73).

Atlantic Languages

2005-02-05T23:32:00.000-08:00

Formerly West Atlantic languages branch of the Niger-Congo language family spoken primarily in Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The approximately 45 Atlantic languages are spoken by about 30 million people. One language cluster, Fula (also called Fulani, Peul, Fulfulde, and Toucouleur), accounts for more than half of this number and is the most widely scattered language

O'neill, Eugene

2005-02-05T14:34:00.000-08:00

In full Eugene Gladstone O'Neill foremost American dramatist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936. His masterpiece, Long Day's Journey into Night (produced posthumously 1956), is at the apex of a long string of great plays, including Beyond the Horizon (1920), Anna Christie (1922), Strange Interlude (1928), Ah! Wilderness (1933), and The Iceman Cometh (1946).

Loden Coat

2005-02-05T00:41:00.000-08:00

Loden cloth is dyed in several colours, but bluish green is the most common. The jacket sometimes has a stiff, standup collar and is trimmed with

Rundstedt, Gerd Von

2005-02-04T21:03:00.000-08:00

An officer in the army from 1893, Rundstedt rose during World

Ekman, Gösta

2005-02-04T00:42:00.000-08:00

Ekman premiered in 1906 at Stockholm's Oscar Theatre and, after an apprenticeship on tour and in the provinces, returned to Stockholm (1913) to win acclaim for his classic portrayals, such as Lionel in Friedrich Schiller's Maid of Orleans (1914), Claudio in Much Ado About Nothing (1916), and

Hawaii, Industry

2005-02-03T10:24:00.000-08:00

Hawaii has several hundred companies engaged in diversified manufacturing. Heavy-manufacturing plants, using raw materials for the most part imported from the U.S. mainland, include an oil refinery that produces a variety of petroleum products and chemical compounds, a steel mill manufacturing reinforcing bars, several cement plants, a concrete-pipe plant, and

Dee, John

2005-02-03T09:19:00.000-08:00

Dee entered St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1542, where he earned a bachelor's degree (1545) and a master's degree (1548); he also was made a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, on its founding in 1546. Dee furthered his scientific studies on the Continent with a short visit

Argand Diagram

2005-02-02T06:57:00.000-08:00

Graphic portrayal of complex numbers, those of the form a + bi, in which a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1; it was devised by the Swiss mathematician Jean Robert Argand in about 1806. One axis represents the pure imaginary numbers (those consisting of the bi portion only); the second represents the real numbers (a values only). This permits the complex numbers to

Antarctica, Technological advancements in exploration

2005-02-02T05:08:00.000-08:00

The period between World Wars I and II marks the beginning of the mechanical, particularly the aerial, age of Antarctic exploration. Wartime developments in aircraft, aerial cameras, radios, and motor transport were adapted for polar operation. On Nov. 16, 1928, the first heavier-than-air flight in Antarctica was made by the Alaskan bush pilot C.B. Eielson and George Hubert

Gonionemus

2005-02-01T16:13:00.000-08:00

Genus of small marine jellyfish of the hydrozoan order Limnomedusae (phylum Cnidaria). Gonionemus species are bell-shaped and measure about 15 mm (0.6 inch) or more in diameter. From the centre of the bell hangs the manubrium, a tubular structure that contains the mouth, and around the bell's rim are hollow tentacles armed with stinging structures called nematocysts. Each

GoodSkirt

Rifleman

Davies, Marion

Sogn Og Fjordane

Tephroite

Equestrian Sports

Amphibole, Contact metamorphic rocks

Requests, Court Of

France, History Of, The Dreyfus affair

Agoracritus

Gable

Tanzania, Settlement patterns

Hippie

Brianchon, Charles-julien

China, Political history

Gates Of Paradise

Ortega, Daniel

China, The Ch'ing period

Mckean

Qalamkari Textile

Devaraja

Ahmad

Tibet, Climate

Bahrain

United States, Prelude to revolution

Talion

Futurology

Theatrical Production, The modern repertory company

Epistemology, The nature of knowledge

Tadjoura, Gulf Of

Futurology

Agunah

Pyramid Texts

Nora

Vajpayee, Atal Bihari

Avranches

Stone Age, Ax factories and flint mines

Eagles, The, Don Henley

Tachometer

Elizabeth Of Portugal, Saint

Tsong-kha-pa

Aging

Jiang Zemin

France, History Of, Social classes

Lake, Simon

Carnivore, Importance to humans

Ibisbill

Binnya Dala

Wiesel, Elie

Zunzunegui, Juan Antonio De

Roman Religion, Religious art

Auslander, Joseph

Performing Arts, Classical Music.

Saiga

Roman-dutch Law

Biblical Literature, Commutation of vows and tithes

Bytom

Stradivari, Antonio

Reflex

Chorale Prelude

Nardini, Pietro

Salé

Kumarajiva

Burgess, Anthony

Biblical Literature, The Ketuvim

Tasmania, Agriculture, forestry, and fishing

Water Rail

Orange

Ria

Motion-picture Technology, Wide-screen and stereoscopic pictures

Daddi, Bernardo

Flamininus, Titus Quinctius

Norwegian Language

Alden, Isabella Macdonald

Fisher, Alan (wainwright)

China, The development of the Republic (191220)

Suffren De Saint-tropez, Pierre André De

Windsor, Marie

China, Struggle for the premiership

Calabar

China, The development of the Republic (191220)